MYSQL_UPGRADE(1)                     MariaDB Database System                     MYSQL_UPGRADE(1)

NAME
       mysql_upgrade - check tables for MariaDB upgrade

SYNOPSIS
       mysql_upgrade [options]

DESCRIPTION
       mysql_upgrade examines all tables in all databases for incompatibilities with the current
       version of the MariaDB Server.  mysql_upgrade also upgrades the system tables so that you
       can take advantage of new privileges or capabilities that might have been added.

       mysql_upgrade should be executed each time you upgrade MariaDB.

       If a table is found to have a possible incompatibility, mysql_upgrade performs a table
       check. If any problems are found, a table repair is attempted.

           Note
           On Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, you must run mysql_upgrade with
           administrator privileges. You can do this by running a Command Prompt as Administrator
           and running the command. Failure to do so may result in the upgrade failing to execute
           correctly.

           Caution
           You should always back up your current MariaDB installation before performing an
           upgrade.

       To use mysql_upgrade, make sure that the server is running, and then invoke it like this:

           shell> mysql_upgrade [options]

       After running mysql_upgrade, stop the server and restart it so that any changes made to
       the system tables take effect.

       mysql_upgrade executes the following commands to check and repair tables and to upgrade
       the system tables:

           mysqlcheck --all-databases --check-upgrade --auto-repair
           mysql < fix_priv_tables
           mysqlcheck --all-databases --check-upgrade --fix-db-names --fix-table-names

       Notes about the preceding commands:

       •   Because mysql_upgrade invokes mysqlcheck with the --all-databases option, it processes
           all tables in all databases, which might take a long time to complete. Each table is
           locked and therefore unavailable to other sessions while it is being processed. Check
           and repair operations can be time-consuming, particularly for large tables.

       •   For details about what checks the --check-upgrade option entails, see the description
           of the FOR UPGRADE option of the CHECK TABLE statement.

       •   fix_priv_tables represents a script generated internally by mysql_upgrade that
           contains SQL statements to upgrade the tables in the mysql database.

       All checked and repaired tables are marked with the current MariaDB version number. This
       ensures that next time you run mysql_upgrade with the same version of the server, it can
       tell whether there is any need to check or repair the table again.

       mysql_upgrade also saves the MariaDB version number in a file named mysql_upgrade_info in
       the data directory. This is used to quickly check whether all tables have been checked for
       this release so that table-checking can be skipped. To ignore this file and perform the
       check regardless, use the --force option.

       For this reason, mysql_upgrade needs to be run as a user with write access to the data
       directory.

       If you install MariaDB from RPM packages on Linux, you must install the server and client
       RPMs.  mysql_upgrade is included in the server RPM but requires the client RPM because the
       latter includes mysqlcheck.

       mysql_upgrade supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line
       or in the [mysql_upgrade] and [client] option file groups. Other options are passed to
       mysqlcheck. For example, it might be necessary to specify the --password[=password]
       option.  mysql_upgrade also supports the options for processing option files.

       •   --help, -?

           Display a short help message and exit.

       •   --basedir=path

           Old option accepted for backward compatibility but ignored.

       •   --character-sets-dir=path

           Old option accepted for backward compatibility but ignored.

       •   --datadir=path

           Old option accepted for backward compatibility but ignored.

       •   --debug=path, -# path

           For debug builds, output debug log.

       •   --debug-check

           Print some debugging information when the program exits.

       •   --debug-info, -T

           Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program
           exits.

       •   --default-character-set=name

           Old option accepted for backward compatibility but ignored.

       •   --force

           Ignore the mysql_upgrade_info file and force execution of mysqlcheck even if
           mysql_upgrade has already been executed for the current version of MariaDB.

       •   --host

           Connect to MariaDB on the given host.

       •   --password[=password], -p[password]

           The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form
           (-p), you cannot have a space between the option and the password. If you omit the
           password value following the --password or -p option on the command line,
           mysql_upgrade prompts for one.

           Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. You can use
           an option file to avoid giving the password on the command line.

       •   --port=port_num, -P port_num

           The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.

       •   --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}

           The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the
           other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be used other than the
           one you want.

       •   --silent

           Print less information.

       •   --socket=path, -S path

           For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of
           the named pipe to use.

       •   --ssl

           Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with other flags). Disable with
           --skip-ssl.

       •   --ssl-ca=name

           CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

       •   --ssl-capath=name

           CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

       •   --ssl-cert=name

           X509 cert in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

       •   --ssl-cipher=name

           SSL cipher to use (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

       •   --ssl-key=name

           X509 key in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

       •   --ssl-crl=name

           Certificate revocation list (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

       •   --ssl-crlpath=name

           Certificate revocation list path (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

       •   --ssl-verify-server-cert

           Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against hostname used when connecting. This
           option is disabled by default.

       •   --tmpdir=path, -t path

           The path name of the directory to use for creating temporary files.

       •   --upgrade-system-tables, -s

           Only upgrade the system tables in the mysql database. Tables in other databases are
           not checked or touched.

       •   --user=user_name, -u user_name

           The MariaDB user name to use when connecting to the server and not using the current
           login.

       •   --verbose

           Display more output about the process. Using it twice will print connection arguments;
           using it 3 times will print out all CHECK, RENAME and ALTER TABLE commands used during
           the check phase; using it 4 times (added in MariaDB 10.0.14) will also write out all
           mysqlcheck commands used.

       •   --version, -V

           Output version information and exit.

       •   --version-check, -k

           Run this program only if its 'server version' matches the version of the server to
           which it's connecting. Note: the 'server version' of the program is the version of the
           MariaDB server with which it was built/distributed. Defaults to on; use
           --skip-version-check to disable.

       •   --write-binlog

           Cause binary logging to be enabled while mysql_upgrade runs.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright 2007-2008 MySQL AB, 2008-2010 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2010-2015 MariaDB
       Foundation

       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under
       the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
       version 2 of the License.

       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
       WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program;
       if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
       Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

SEE ALSO
       For more information, please refer to the MariaDB Knowledge Base, available online at
       https://mariadb.com/kb/

AUTHOR
       MariaDB Foundation (http://www.mariadb.org/).

MariaDB 10.3                               20 July 2020                          MYSQL_UPGRADE(1)

mysql_upgrade  Ver 1.4 Distrib 10.3.27-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

MariaDB utility for upgrading databases to new MariaDB versions.

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 
The following groups are read: client mysql_upgrade client-server client-mariadb
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults          Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults             Don't read default options from any option file.
The following specify which files/extra groups are read (specified before remaining options):
--defaults-file=#         Only read default options from the given file #.
--defaults-extra-file=#   Read this file after the global files are read.
--defaults-group-suffix=# Additionally read default groups with # appended as a suffix.

  -?, --help          Display this help message and exit.
  -b, --basedir=name  Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward
                      compatibility.
  --character-sets-dir=name 
                      Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward
                      compatibility.
  --compress          Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward
                      compatibility.
  -d, --datadir=name  Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward
                      compatibility.
  -#, --debug[=#]     This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
  --debug-check       Check memory and open file usage at exit.
  -T, --debug-info    Print some debug info at exit.
  --default-character-set=name 
                      Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward
                      compatibility.
  --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
  -f, --force         Force execution of mysqlcheck even if mysql_upgrade has
                      already been executed for the current version of MySQL.
  -h, --host=name     Connect to host.
  -p, --password[=name] 
                      Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
                      not given, it's solicited on the tty.
  --plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.
  -P, --port=name     Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
                      /etc/services, built-in default (3306).
  --protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
                      memory).
  --silent            Print less information
  -S, --socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.
  --ssl               Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with
                      other flags).
  --ssl-ca=name       CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
                      --ssl).
  --ssl-capath=name   CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).
  --ssl-cert=name     X509 cert in PEM format (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-cipher=name   SSL cipher to use (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-key=name      X509 key in PEM format (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-crl=name      Certificate revocation list (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-crlpath=name  Certificate revocation list path (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-verify-server-cert 
                      Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against
                      hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by
                      default.
  -t, --tmpdir=name   Directory for temporary files.
  -s, --upgrade-system-tables 
                      Only upgrade the system tables in the mysql database.
                      Tables in other databases are not checked or touched.
  -u, --user=name     User for login.
  -v, --verbose       Display more output about the process; Using it twice
                      will print connection argument; Using it 3 times will
                      print out all CHECK, RENAME and ALTER TABLE during the
                      check phase.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-verbose to disable.)
  -V, --version       Output version information and exit.
  -k, --version-check Run this program only if its 'server version' matches the
                      version of the server to which it's connecting. Note: the
                      'server version' of the program is the version of the
                      MariaDB server with which it was built/distributed.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-version-check to disable.)
  --write-binlog      All commands including those issued by mysqlcheck are
                      written to the binary log.

Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}  Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
compress                          FALSE
debug-check                       FALSE
debug-info                        FALSE
default-auth                      (No default value)
force                             FALSE
password                          (No default value)
plugin-dir                        (No default value)
silent                            FALSE
ssl                               FALSE
ssl-ca                            (No default value)
ssl-capath                        (No default value)
ssl-cert                          (No default value)
ssl-cipher                        (No default value)
ssl-key                           (No default value)
ssl-crl                           (No default value)
ssl-crlpath                       (No default value)
ssl-verify-server-cert            FALSE
upgrade-system-tables             FALSE
user                              root
verbose                           TRUE
version-check                     TRUE
write-binlog                      FALSE