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Adatok
Verziószám: man 2.7.6.1 (Debian 9-ben)
Fejlesztő/tulajdonos: Colin Watson (jelenlegi karbantartó)
Rövid leírás:
A man a rendszer kézikönyv gyűjteménye. A parancsnak adott man oldal paraméter általában egy program vagy funkció neve. A man ezután megtalálja és megjeleníti a hozzá társított kézikönyvet.
Man oldal kimenet
man man
MAN(1) Manual pager utils MAN(1)
NAME
man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
SYNOPSIS
man [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L locale] [-m
system[,...]] [-M path] [-S list] [-e extension] [-i|-I] [--regex|--wildcard]
[--names-only] [-a] [-u] [--no-subpages] [-P pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encod‐
ing] [--no-hyphenation] [--no-justification] [-p string] [-t] [-T[device]]
[-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] [[section] page[.section] ...] ...
man -k [apropos options] regexp ...
man -K [-w|-W] [-S list] [-i|-I] [--regex] [section] term ...
man -f [whatis options] page ...
man -l [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L locale] [-P
pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [-p string] [-t] [-T[device]]
[-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] file ...
man -w|-W [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
man -c [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
man [-?V]
DESCRIPTION
man is the system's manual pager. Each page argument given to man is normally
the name of a program, utility or function. The manual page associated with
each of these arguments is then found and displayed. A section, if provided,
will direct man to look only in that section of the manual. The default action
is to search in all of the available sections following a pre-defined order ("1
n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 3am 5 4 9 6 7" by default, unless overridden by the
SECTION directive in /etc/manpath.config), and to show only the first page
found, even if page exists in several sections.
The table below shows the section numbers of the manual followed by the types of
pages they contain.
1 Executable programs or shell commands
2 System calls (functions provided by the kernel)
3 Library calls (functions within program libraries)
4 Special files (usually found in /dev)
5 File formats and conventions eg /etc/passwd
6 Games
7 Miscellaneous (including macro packages and conventions), e.g. man(7),
groff(7)
8 System administration commands (usually only for root)
9 Kernel routines [Non standard]
A manual page consists of several sections.
Conventional section names include NAME, SYNOPSIS, CONFIGURATION, DESCRIPTION,
OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, ENVIRONMENT, FILES, VERSIONS, CON‐
FORMING TO, NOTES, BUGS, EXAMPLE, AUTHORS, and SEE ALSO.
The following conventions apply to the SYNOPSIS section and can be used as a
guide in other sections.
bold text type exactly as shown.
italic text replace with appropriate argument.
[-abc] any or all arguments within [ ] are optional.
-a|-b options delimited by | cannot be used together.
argument ... argument is repeatable.
[expression] ... entire expression within [ ] is repeatable.
Exact rendering may vary depending on the output device. For instance, man will
usually not be able to render italics when running in a terminal, and will typi‐
cally use underlined or coloured text instead.
The command or function illustration is a pattern that should match all possible
invocations. In some cases it is advisable to illustrate several exclusive
invocations as is shown in the SYNOPSIS section of this manual page.
EXAMPLES
man ls
Display the manual page for the item (program) ls.
man man.7
Display the manual page for macro package man from section 7.
man -a intro
Display, in succession, all of the available intro manual pages contained
within the manual. It is possible to quit between successive displays or
skip any of them.
man -t alias | lpr -Pps
Format the manual page referenced by `alias', usually a shell manual page,
into the default troff or groff format and pipe it to the printer named ps.
The default output for groff is usually PostScript. man --help should
advise as to which processor is bound to the -t option.
man -l -Tdvi ./foo.1x.gz > ./foo.1x.dvi
This command will decompress and format the nroff source manual page
./foo.1x.gz into a device independent (dvi) file. The redirection is neces‐
sary as the -T flag causes output to be directed to stdout with no pager.
The output could be viewed with a program such as xdvi or further processed
into PostScript using a program such as dvips.
man -k printf
Search the short descriptions and manual page names for the keyword printf
as regular expression. Print out any matches. Equivalent to apro‐
pos printf.
man -f smail
Lookup the manual pages referenced by smail and print out the short descrip‐
tions of any found. Equivalent to whatis smail.
OVERVIEW
Many options are available to man in order to give as much flexibility as possi‐
ble to the user. Changes can be made to the search path, section order, output
processor, and other behaviours and operations detailed below.
If set, various environment variables are interrogated to determine the opera‐
tion of man. It is possible to set the `catch all' variable $MANOPT to any
string in command line format with the exception that any spaces used as part of
an option's argument must be escaped (preceded by a backslash). man will parse
$MANOPT prior to parsing its own command line. Those options requiring an argu‐
ment will be overridden by the same options found on the command line. To reset
all of the options set in $MANOPT, -D can be specified as the initial command
line option. This will allow man to `forget' about the options specified in
$MANOPT although they must still have been valid.
The manual pager utilities packaged as man-db make extensive use of index data‐
base caches. These caches contain information such as where each manual page
can be found on the filesystem and what its whatis (short one line description
of the man page) contains, and allow man to run faster than if it had to search
the filesystem each time to find the appropriate manual page. If requested
using the -u option, man will ensure that the caches remain consistent, which
can obviate the need to manually run software to update traditional whatis text
databases.
If man cannot find a mandb initiated index database for a particular manual page
hierarchy, it will still search for the requested manual pages, although file
globbing will be necessary to search within that hierarchy. If whatis or apro‐
pos fails to find an index it will try to extract information from a traditional
whatis database instead.
These utilities support compressed source nroff files having, by default, the
extensions of .Z, .z and .gz. It is possible to deal with any compression
extension, but this information must be known at compile time. Also, by
default, any cat pages produced are compressed using gzip. Each `global' manual
page hierarchy such as /usr/share/man or /usr/X11R6/man may have any directory
as its cat page hierarchy. Traditionally the cat pages are stored under the
same hierarchy as the man pages, but for reasons such as those specified in the
File Hierarchy Standard (FHS), it may be better to store them elsewhere. For
details on how to do this, please read manpath(5). For details on why to do
this, read the standard.
International support is available with this package. Native language manual
pages are accessible (if available on your system) via use of locale functions.
To activate such support, it is necessary to set either $LC_MESSAGES, $LANG or
another system dependent environment variable to your language locale, usually
specified in the POSIX 1003.1 based format:
<language>[_<territory>[.<character-set>[,<version>]]]
If the desired page is available in your locale, it will be displayed in lieu of
the standard (usually American English) page.
Support for international message catalogues is also featured in this package
and can be activated in the same way, again if available. If you find that the
manual pages and message catalogues supplied with this package are not available
in your native language and you would like to supply them, please contact the
maintainer who will be coordinating such activity.
For information regarding other features and extensions available with this man‐
ual pager, please read the documents supplied with the package.
DEFAULTS
man will search for the desired manual pages within the index database caches.
If the -u option is given, a cache consistency check is performed to ensure the
databases accurately reflect the filesystem. If this option is always given, it
is not generally necessary to run mandb after the caches are initially created,
unless a cache becomes corrupt. However, the cache consistency check can be
slow on systems with many manual pages installed, so it is not performed by
default, and system administrators may wish to run mandb every week or so to
keep the database caches fresh. To forestall problems caused by outdated
caches, man will fall back to file globbing if a cache lookup fails, just as it
would if no cache was present.
Once a manual page has been located, a check is performed to find out if a rela‐
tive preformatted `cat' file already exists and is newer than the nroff file.
If it does and is, this preformatted file is (usually) decompressed and then
displayed, via use of a pager. The pager can be specified in a number of ways,
or else will fall back to a default is used (see option -P for details). If no
cat is found or is older than the nroff file, the nroff is filtered through var‐
ious programs and is shown immediately.
If a cat file can be produced (a relative cat directory exists and has appropri‐
ate permissions), man will compress and store the cat file in the background.
The filters are deciphered by a number of means. Firstly, the command line
option -p or the environment variable $MANROFFSEQ is interrogated. If -p was
not used and the environment variable was not set, the initial line of the nroff
file is parsed for a preprocessor string. To contain a valid preprocessor
string, the first line must resemble
'\" <string>
where string can be any combination of letters described by option -p below.
If none of the above methods provide any filter information, a default set is
used.
A formatting pipeline is formed from the filters and the primary formatter
(nroff or [tg]roff with -t) and executed. Alternatively, if an executable pro‐
gram mandb_nfmt (or mandb_tfmt with -t) exists in the man tree root, it is exe‐
cuted instead. It gets passed the manual source file, the preprocessor string,
and optionally the device specified with -T or -E as arguments.
OPTIONS
Non argument options that are duplicated either on the command line, in $MANOPT,
or both, are not harmful. For options that require an argument, each duplica‐
tion will override the previous argument value.
General options
-C file, --config-file=file
Use this user configuration file rather than the default of ~/.manpath.
-d, --debug
Print debugging information.
-D, --default
This option is normally issued as the very first option and resets man's
behaviour to its default. Its use is to reset those options that may
have been set in $MANOPT. Any options that follow -D will have their
usual effect.
--warnings[=warnings]
Enable warnings from groff. This may be used to perform sanity checks on
the source text of manual pages. warnings is a comma-separated list of
warning names; if it is not supplied, the default is "mac". See the
“Warnings” node in info groff for a list of available warning names.
Main modes of operation
-f, --whatis
Equivalent to whatis. Display a short description from the manual page,
if available. See whatis(1) for details.
-k, --apropos
Equivalent to apropos. Search the short manual page descriptions for
keywords and display any matches. See apropos(1) for details.
-K, --global-apropos
Search for text in all manual pages. This is a brute-force search, and
is likely to take some time; if you can, you should specify a section to
reduce the number of pages that need to be searched. Search terms may be
simple strings (the default), or regular expressions if the --regex
option is used.
Note that this searches the sources of the manual pages, not the rendered
text, and so may include false positives due to things like comments in
source files. Searching the rendered text would be much slower.
-l, --local-file
Activate `local' mode. Format and display local manual files instead of
searching through the system's manual collection. Each manual page argu‐
ment will be interpreted as an nroff source file in the correct format.
No cat file is produced. If '-' is listed as one of the arguments, input
will be taken from stdin. When this option is not used, and man fails to
find the page required, before displaying the error message, it attempts
to act as if this option was supplied, using the name as a filename and
looking for an exact match.
-w, --where, --path, --location
Don't actually display the manual pages, but do print the location(s) of
the source nroff files that would be formatted.
-W, --where-cat, --location-cat
Don't actually display the manual pages, but do print the location(s) of
the cat files that would be displayed. If -w and -W are both specified,
print both separated by a space.
-c, --catman
This option is not for general use and should only be used by the catman
program.
-R encoding, --recode=encoding
Instead of formatting the manual page in the usual way, output its source
converted to the specified encoding. If you already know the encoding of
the source file, you can also use manconv(1) directly. However, this
option allows you to convert several manual pages to a single encoding
without having to explicitly state the encoding of each, provided that
they were already installed in a structure similar to a manual page hier‐
archy.
Finding manual pages
-L locale, --locale=locale
man will normally determine your current locale by a call to the C func‐
tion setlocale(3) which interrogates various environment variables, pos‐
sibly including $LC_MESSAGES and $LANG. To temporarily override the
determined value, use this option to supply a locale string directly to
man. Note that it will not take effect until the search for pages actu‐
ally begins. Output such as the help message will always be displayed in
the initially determined locale.
-m system[,...], --systems=system[,...]
If this system has access to other operating system's manual pages, they
can be accessed using this option. To search for a manual page from
NewOS's manual page collection, use the option -m NewOS.
The system specified can be a combination of comma delimited operating
system names. To include a search of the native operating system's man‐
ual pages, include the system name man in the argument string. This
option will override the $SYSTEM environment variable.
-M path, --manpath=path
Specify an alternate manpath to use. By default, man uses manpath
derived code to determine the path to search. This option overrides the
$MANPATH environment variable and causes option -m to be ignored.
A path specified as a manpath must be the root of a manual page hierarchy
structured into sections as described in the man-db manual (under "The
manual page system"). To view manual pages outside such hierarchies, see
the -l option.
-S list, -s list, --sections=list
List is a colon- or comma-separated list of `order specific' manual sec‐
tions to search. This option overrides the $MANSECT environment vari‐
able. (The -s spelling is for compatibility with System V.)
-e sub-extension, --extension=sub-extension
Some systems incorporate large packages of manual pages, such as those
that accompany the Tcl package, into the main manual page hierarchy. To
get around the problem of having two manual pages with the same name such
as exit(3), the Tcl pages were usually all assigned to section l. As
this is unfortunate, it is now possible to put the pages in the correct
section, and to assign a specific `extension' to them, in this case,
exit(3tcl). Under normal operation, man will display exit(3) in prefer‐
ence to exit(3tcl). To negotiate this situation and to avoid having to
know which section the page you require resides in, it is now possible to
give man a sub-extension string indicating which package the page must
belong to. Using the above example, supplying the option -e tcl to man
will restrict the search to pages having an extension of *tcl.
-i, --ignore-case
Ignore case when searching for manual pages. This is the default.
-I, --match-case
Search for manual pages case-sensitively.
--regex
Show all pages with any part of either their names or their descriptions
matching each page argument as a regular expression, as with apropos(1).
Since there is usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" page when
searching for a regular expression, this option implies -a.
--wildcard
Show all pages with any part of either their names or their descriptions
matching each page argument using shell-style wildcards, as with apro‐
pos(1) --wildcard. The page argument must match the entire name or
description, or match on word boundaries in the description. Since there
is usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" page when searching for a
wildcard, this option implies -a.
--names-only
If the --regex or --wildcard option is used, match only page names, not
page descriptions, as with whatis(1). Otherwise, no effect.
-a, --all
By default, man will exit after displaying the most suitable manual page
it finds. Using this option forces man to display all the manual pages
with names that match the search criteria.
-u, --update
This option causes man to perform an `inode level' consistency check on
its database caches to ensure that they are an accurate representation of
the filesystem. It will only have a useful effect if man is installed
with the setuid bit set.
--no-subpages
By default, man will try to interpret pairs of manual page names given on
the command line as equivalent to a single manual page name containing a
hyphen or an underscore. This supports the common pattern of programs
that implement a number of subcommands, allowing them to provide manual
pages for each that can be accessed using similar syntax as would be used
to invoke the subcommands themselves. For example:
$ man -aw git diff
/usr/share/man/man1/git-diff.1.gz
To disable this behaviour, use the --no-subpages option.
$ man -aw --no-subpages git diff
/usr/share/man/man1/git.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man3/Git.3pm.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/diff.1.gz
Controlling formatted output
-P pager, --pager=pager
Specify which output pager to use. By default, man uses pager. This
option overrides the $MANPAGER environment variable, which in turn over‐
rides the $PAGER environment variable. It is not used in conjunction
with -f or -k.
The value may be a simple command name or a command with arguments, and
may use shell quoting (backslashes, single quotes, or double quotes). It
may not use pipes to connect multiple commands; if you need that, use a
wrapper script, which may take the file to display either as an argument
or on standard input.
-r prompt, --prompt=prompt
If a recent version of less is used as the pager, man will attempt to set
its prompt and some sensible options. The default prompt looks like
Manual page name(sec) line x
where name denotes the manual page name, sec denotes the section it was
found under and x the current line number. This is achieved by using the
$LESS environment variable.
Supplying -r with a string will override this default. The string may
contain the text $MAN_PN which will be expanded to the name of the cur‐
rent manual page and its section name surrounded by `(' and `)'. The
string used to produce the default could be expressed as
\ Manual\ page\ \$MAN_PN\ ?ltline\ %lt?L/%L.:
byte\ %bB?s/%s..?\ (END):?pB\ %pB\\%..
(press h for help or q to quit)
It is broken into three lines here for the sake of readability only. For
its meaning see the less(1) manual page. The prompt string is first
evaluated by the shell. All double quotes, back-quotes and backslashes
in the prompt must be escaped by a preceding backslash. The prompt
string may end in an escaped $ which may be followed by further options
for less. By default man sets the -ix8 options.
The $MANLESS environment variable described below may be used to set a
default prompt string if none is supplied on the command line.
-7, --ascii
When viewing a pure ascii(7) manual page on a 7 bit terminal or terminal
emulator, some characters may not display correctly when using the
latin1(7) device description with GNU nroff. This option allows pure
ascii manual pages to be displayed in ascii with the latin1 device. It
will not translate any latin1 text. The following table shows the trans‐
lations performed: some parts of it may only be displayed properly when
using GNU nroff's latin1(7) device.
Description Octal latin1 ascii
────────────────────────────────────────
continuation 255 ‐ -
hyphen
bullet (middle 267 · o
dot)
acute accent 264 ´ '
multiplication 327 × x
sign
If the latin1 column displays correctly, your terminal may be set up for
latin1 characters and this option is not necessary. If the latin1 and
ascii columns are identical, you are reading this page using this option
or man did not format this page using the latin1 device description. If
the latin1 column is missing or corrupt, you may need to view manual
pages with this option.
This option is ignored when using options -t, -H, -T, or -Z and may be
useless for nroff other than GNU's.
-E encoding, --encoding=encoding
Generate output for a character encoding other than the default. For
backward compatibility, encoding may be an nroff device such as ascii,
latin1, or utf8 as well as a true character encoding such as UTF-8.
--no-hyphenation, --nh
Normally, nroff will automatically hyphenate text at line breaks even in
words that do not contain hyphens, if it is necessary to do so to lay out
words on a line without excessive spacing. This option disables auto‐
matic hyphenation, so words will only be hyphenated if they already con‐
tain hyphens.
If you are writing a manual page and simply want to prevent nroff from
hyphenating a word at an inappropriate point, do not use this option, but
consult the nroff documentation instead; for instance, you can put "\%"
inside a word to indicate that it may be hyphenated at that point, or put
"\%" at the start of a word to prevent it from being hyphenated.
--no-justification, --nj
Normally, nroff will automatically justify text to both margins. This
option disables full justification, leaving justified only to the left
margin, sometimes called "ragged-right" text.
If you are writing a manual page and simply want to prevent nroff from
justifying certain paragraphs, do not use this option, but consult the
nroff documentation instead; for instance, you can use the ".na", ".nf",
".fi", and ".ad" requests to temporarily disable adjusting and filling.
-p string, --preprocessor=string
Specify the sequence of preprocessors to run before nroff or troff/groff.
Not all installations will have a full set of preprocessors. Some of the
preprocessors and the letters used to designate them are: eqn (e), grap
(g), pic (p), tbl (t), vgrind (v), refer (r). This option overrides the
$MANROFFSEQ environment variable. zsoelim is always run as the very
first preprocessor.
-t, --troff
Use groff -mandoc to format the manual page to stdout. This option is
not required in conjunction with -H, -T, or -Z.
-T[device], --troff-device[=device]
This option is used to change groff (or possibly troff's) output to be
suitable for a device other than the default. It implies -t. Examples
(provided with Groff-1.17) include dvi, latin1, ps, utf8, X75 and X100.
-H[browser], --html[=browser]
This option will cause groff to produce HTML output, and will display
that output in a web browser. The choice of browser is determined by the
optional browser argument if one is provided, by the $BROWSER environment
variable, or by a compile-time default if that is unset (usually lynx).
This option implies -t, and will only work with GNU troff.
-X[dpi], --gxditview[=dpi]
This option displays the output of groff in a graphical window using the
gxditview program. The dpi (dots per inch) may be 75, 75-12, 100, or
100-12, defaulting to 75; the -12 variants use a 12-point base font.
This option implies -T with the X75, X75-12, X100, or X100-12 device
respectively.
-Z, --ditroff
groff will run troff and then use an appropriate post-processor to pro‐
duce output suitable for the chosen device. If groff -mandoc is groff,
this option is passed to groff and will suppress the use of a post-pro‐
cessor. It implies -t.
Getting help
-?, --help
Print a help message and exit.
--usage
Print a short usage message and exit.
-V, --version
Display version information.
EXIT STATUS
0 Successful program execution.
1 Usage, syntax or configuration file error.
2 Operational error.
3 A child process returned a non-zero exit status.
16 At least one of the pages/files/keywords didn't exist or wasn't matched.
ENVIRONMENT
MANPATH
If $MANPATH is set, its value is used as the path to search for manual
pages.
MANROFFOPT
The contents of $MANROFFOPT are added to the command line every time man
invokes the formatter (nroff, troff, or groff).
MANROFFSEQ
If $MANROFFSEQ is set, its value is used to determine the set of pre‐
processors to pass each manual page through. The default preprocessor
list is system dependent.
MANSECT
If $MANSECT is set, its value is a colon-delimited list of sections and
it is used to determine which manual sections to search and in what
order. The default is "1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 3am 5 4 9 6 7",
unless overridden by the SECTION directive in /etc/manpath.config.
MANPAGER, PAGER
If $MANPAGER or $PAGER is set ($MANPAGER is used in preference), its
value is used as the name of the program used to display the manual page.
By default, pager is used.
The value may be a simple command name or a command with arguments, and
may use shell quoting (backslashes, single quotes, or double quotes). It
may not use pipes to connect multiple commands; if you need that, use a
wrapper script, which may take the file to display either as an argument
or on standard input.
MANLESS
If $MANLESS is set, its value will be used as the default prompt string
for the less pager, as if it had been passed using the -r option (so any
occurrences of the text $MAN_PN will be expanded in the same way). For
example, if you want to set the prompt string unconditionally to “my
prompt string”, set $MANLESS to ‘-Psmy prompt string’. Using the -r
option overrides this environment variable.
BROWSER
If $BROWSER is set, its value is a colon-delimited list of commands, each
of which in turn is used to try to start a web browser for man --html.
In each command, %s is replaced by a filename containing the HTML output
from groff, %% is replaced by a single percent sign (%), and %c is
replaced by a colon (:).
SYSTEM If $SYSTEM is set, it will have the same effect as if it had been speci‐
fied as the argument to the -m option.
MANOPT If $MANOPT is set, it will be parsed prior to man's command line and is
expected to be in a similar format. As all of the other man specific
environment variables can be expressed as command line options, and are
thus candidates for being included in $MANOPT it is expected that they
will become obsolete. N.B. All spaces that should be interpreted as
part of an option's argument must be escaped.
MANWIDTH
If $MANWIDTH is set, its value is used as the line length for which man‐
ual pages should be formatted. If it is not set, manual pages will be
formatted with a line length appropriate to the current terminal (using
the value of $COLUMNS, an ioctl(2) if available, or falling back to 80
characters if neither is available). Cat pages will only be saved when
the default formatting can be used, that is when the terminal line length
is between 66 and 80 characters.
MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING
Normally, when output is not being directed to a terminal (such as to a
file or a pipe), formatting characters are discarded to make it easier to
read the result without special tools. However, if $MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING
is set to any non-empty value, these formatting characters are retained.
This may be useful for wrappers around man that can interpret formatting
characters.
MAN_KEEP_STDERR
Normally, when output is being directed to a terminal (usually to a
pager), any error output from the command used to produce formatted ver‐
sions of manual pages is discarded to avoid interfering with the pager's
display. Programs such as groff often produce relatively minor error
messages about typographical problems such as poor alignment, which are
unsightly and generally confusing when displayed along with the manual
page. However, some users want to see them anyway, so, if
$MAN_KEEP_STDERR is set to any non-empty value, error output will be dis‐
played as usual.
LANG, LC_MESSAGES
Depending on system and implementation, either or both of $LANG and
$LC_MESSAGES will be interrogated for the current message locale. man
will display its messages in that locale (if available). See setlo‐
cale(3) for precise details.
FILES
/etc/manpath.config
man-db configuration file.
/usr/share/man
A global manual page hierarchy.
/usr/share/man/index.(bt|db|dir|pag)
A traditional global index database cache.
/var/cache/man/index.(bt|db|dir|pag)
An FHS compliant global index database cache.
SEE ALSO
apropos(1), groff(1), less(1), manpath(1), nroff(1), troff(1), whatis(1), zsoe‐
lim(1), setlocale(3), manpath(5), ascii(7), latin1(7), man(7), catman(8),
mandb(8), the man-db package manual, FSSTND
HISTORY
1990, 1991 – Originally written by John W. Eaton (jwe@che.utexas.edu).
Dec 23 1992: Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) applied bug fixes supplied by Willem
Kasdorp (wkasdo@nikhefk.nikef.nl).
30th April 1994 – 23rd February 2000: Wilf. (G.Wilford@ee.surrey.ac.uk) has been
developing and maintaining this package with the help of a few dedicated people.
30th October 1996 – 30th March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco <fpolacco@debian.org>
maintained and enhanced this package for the Debian project, with the help of
all the community.
31st March 2001 – present day: Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> is now devel‐
oping and maintaining man-db.
2.7.6.1 2016-12-12 MAN(1)
Súgó kimenet
man --help
Használat: man [KAPCSOLÓ…] [SECTION] PAGE...
-C, --config-file=FILE use this user configuration file
-d, --debug emit debugging messages
-D, --default reset all options to their default values
--warnings[=WARNINGS] enable warnings from groff
Main modes of operation:
-f, --whatis equivalent to whatis
-k, --apropos equivalent to apropos
-K, --global-apropos search for text in all pages
-l, --local-file interpret PAGE argument(s) as local filename(s)
-w, --where, --path, --location
print physical location of man page(s)
-W, --where-cat, --location-cat
print physical location of cat file(s)
-c, --catman used by catman to reformat out of date cat pages
-R, --recode=ENCODING output source page encoded in ENCODING
Finding manual pages:
-L, --locale=LOCALE define the locale for this particular man search
-m, --systems=SYSTEM use manual pages from other systems
-M, --manpath=PATH set search path for manual pages to PATH
-S, -s, --sections=LIST use colon separated section list
-e, --extension=EXTENSION limit search to extension type EXTENSION
-i, --ignore-case look for pages case-insensitively (default)
-I, --match-case look for pages case-sensitively
--regex show all pages matching regex
--wildcard show all pages matching wildcard
--names-only make --regex and --wildcard match page names only,
not descriptions
-a, --all find all matching manual pages
-u, --update force a cache consistency check
--no-subpages don't try subpages, e.g. 'man foo bar' => 'man
foo-bar'
Controlling formatted output:
-P, --pager=PAGER use program PAGER to display output
-r, --prompt=STRING provide the `less' pager with a prompt
-7, --ascii display ASCII translation of certain latin1 chars
-E, --encoding=ENCODING use selected output encoding
--no-hyphenation, --nh turn off hyphenation
--no-justification, --nj turn off justification
-p, --preprocessor=STRING STRING indicates which preprocessors to run:
e - [n]eqn, p - pic, t - tbl,
g - grap, r - refer, v - vgrind
-t, --troff use groff to format pages
-T, --troff-device[=DEVICE] use groff with selected device
-H, --html[=BROWSER] use www-browser or BROWSER to display HTML output
-X, --gxditview[=RESOLUTION] use groff and display through gxditview
(X11):
-X = -TX75, -X100 = -TX100, -X100-12 = -TX100-12
-Z, --ditroff use groff and force it to produce ditroff
-?, --help ezen súgószöveg megjelenítése
--usage rövid használati utasítás megjelenítése
-V, --version a programverzió kiírása
Ha egy hosszú kapcsolóhoz kötelező vagy opcionális argumentumot megadni,
akkor ez a megfelelő rövid kapcsolónál is kötelező vagy opcionális.
A hibák itt jelenthetők: cjwatson@debian.org.
Kapcsolódó tartalom
- 103 megtekintés